Six months before the official Budget announcement, the groundwork begins. The Ministry of Finance distributes crucial instructions and guidelines to all relevant government departments through "Budget Circulars." These circulars reach the hands of both disbursement officers and field personnel. In turn, these individuals provide a detailed breakdown of their department's finances. This breakdown includes spending and income for both the current and previous fiscal years, along with their financial needs for the upcoming year. This exchange of information lays the foundation for the Budget.
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Data accumulation
After gathering information from the ground level, departmental higher-ups meticulously analyse the data and estimates. They have the authority to approve the figures or revise them as needed to ensure accuracy. Once finalised within each department, this data is submitted to the relevant ministries for another round of scrutiny. The data finally reaches the Finance Ministry, where experts meticulously assess the it. They consider the current economic climate and available resources to determine if the proposed figures are realistic and achievable. This multi-layered examination ensures the Budget reflects a clear picture of the nation's financial health.
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Composing
The Finance Ministry takes centre stage after meticulous analysis. They distribute allocated revenue to government ministries and craft new public welfare programs. If disagreements arise over resource allocation, the Ministry consults the Union Cabinet or Prime Minister, whose judgement is final. With spending plans solidified, the Finance Ministry joins forces with the Central Boards of Direct and Excise Taxes to prepare a detailed budget report outlining the anticipated revenue for the coming fiscal year.
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Printing
Printing of the Budget starts with a unique tradition – the 'halwa ceremony.' The Finance Minister, along with ministry officials, partake in a ceremonial sharing of halwa. This marks the official start of printing the Union Budget documents. However, the ceremony signifies more than just a sweet treat. Following this tradition, all personnel involved in the Budget's creation enter a crucial "lock-in" period. Restricted to the ministry building, they are essentially cut off from the outside world to safeguard the secrecy of the Budget details they possess.
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Presenting
The last stage of the whole process is the presentation of the Budget by the Finance Minister. Traditionally, February 1 marks this momentous occasion. However, election years witness a two-step approach. First, an interim budget, providing a financial snapshot for the next few months, is presented as a "vote on account." Once the election results are out, the newly formed government presents the final Budget for the remaining fiscal year. This year, the Full Budget may be presented on July 22.
