Marsha Blackburn

Marsha Blackburn (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Tennessee. She assumed office on January 3, 2019. Her current term ends on January 3, 2025.

Blackburn (Republican Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Tennessee. She is on the ballot in the general election on November 5, 2024. She advanced from the Republican primary on August 1, 2024.

She is the first woman to represent Tennessee in the United States Senate. She won election in 2018 by more than 10 points.

Biography

Blackburn graduated from Mississippi State University with a bachelor's in home economics. She owns Marketing Strategies, a promotion event management firm. She previously worked for the Southwestern Book company selling Bibles and educational books door-to-door.^[1] Prior to her election to the U.S. House, Blackburn served in the Tennessee State Senate.^[2]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Blackburn's academic, professional, and political career:^[2]

2019-present: U.S. Senator from Tennessee
2003-2019: U.S. Representative from Tennessee's 7th Congressional District
1999-2003: Served as a member of the Tennessee State Senate
1973: Graduated from Mississippi State University

Donald Trump presidential transition team

See also: Donald Trump presidential transition team

Blackburn was a member of Donald Trump's presidential transition team. The transition team was a group of around 100 aides, policy experts, government affairs officials, and former government officials who were tasked with vetting, interviewing, and recommending individuals for top cabinet and staff roles in Trump's administration. According to Fox News, she was part of the team's executive committee.^[3]

Elections

2024

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Tennessee

Incumbent Marsha Blackburn, Gloria Johnson, Tharon Chandler, Pamela Moses, and Hastina Robinson are running in the general election for U.S. Senate Tennessee on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
		Marsha Blackburn (R)
		Gloria Johnson (D)
		Tharon Chandler (Independent)
		Pamela Moses (Independent)
		Hastina Robinson (Independent)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Wisdom Zerit Teklay (Wisdom People Party)
Marshal Weaver (Independent)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee

Gloria Johnson defeated Marquita Bradshaw, Lola Denise Brown, and Civil Miller-Watkins in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee on August 1, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Gloria Johnson	70.2	143,904
	Marquita Bradshaw	21.8	44,635
	Lola Denise Brown	4.9	10,025
	Civil Miller-Watkins	3.1	6,420

	There were no incumbents in this race. Source	Total votes: 204,984
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Kevin Lee McCants (D)
Dylan Fain (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee

Incumbent Marsha Blackburn defeated Tres Wittum in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee on August 1, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Marsha Blackburn	89.5	367,711
	Tres Wittum	10.5	43,238

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. Source	Total votes: 410,949
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Endorsements

Blackburn received the following endorsements. To send us additional endorsements, click here.

Former President Donald Trump (Republican Party, Conservative Party)

Pledges

Blackburn signed the following pledges. To send us additional pledges, click here.

Taxpayer Protection Pledge, Americans for Tax Reform

2018

See also: United States Senate election in Tennessee, 2018

See also: United States Senate election in Tennessee (August 2, 2018 Democratic primary)

See also: United States Senate election in Tennessee (August 2, 2018 Republican primary)

General election

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Tennessee on November 6, 2018.

General election for U.S. Senate Tennessee

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Marsha Blackburn (R)	54.7	1,227,483
	Phil Bredesen (D)	43.9	985,450
	Trudy Austin (Independent)	0.4	9,455
	Dean Hill (Independent)	0.4	8,717
	Kris Todd (Independent)	0.2	5,084
	John Carico (Independent)	0.2	3,398
	Breton Phillips (Independent)	0.1	2,226
	Kevin Lee McCants (Independent)	0.1	1,927

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 2,243,740
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Phil Bredesen defeated Gary Davis and John Wolfe in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee on August 2, 2018.

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Phil Bredesen	91.5	349,718
	Gary Davis	5.3	20,170
	John Wolfe	3.2	12,269

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 382,157
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Billy Bailey (D)

Republican primary election

Marsha Blackburn defeated Aaron Pettigrew in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee on August 2, 2018.

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Tennessee

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Marsha Blackburn	84.5	613,513
	Aaron Pettigrew	15.5	112,705

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 726,218
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2016

See also: Tennessee's 7th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Marsha Blackburn (R) defeated Tharon Chandler (D) and Leonard Ladner (Independent) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate in the race faced a primary opponent in August.^[4]^[5]^[6]

**U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2016**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn Incumbent	72.2%	200,407
	Democratic	Tharon Chandler	23.5%	65,226
	Independent	Leonard Ladner	4.3%	11,880
Total Votes				277,513
Source: Tennessee Secretary of State

2014

See also: Tennessee's 7th Congressional District elections, 2014

**U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2014**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn Incumbent	70%	110,498
	Democratic	Dan Cramer	26.8%	42,260
	Independent	Lenny Ladner	3.2%	5,092
Total Votes				157,850
Source: Tennessee Secretary of State Vote totals above are unofficial and will be updated once official totals are made available.

**U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 Republican Primary, 2014**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Marsha Blackburn Incumbent	84.2%	64,969
Jacob Brimm	15.8%	12,199
Total Votes		77,168
Source: Results via Associated Press

2012

See also: Tennessee's 7th Congressional District elections, 2012

**U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Credo Amouzouvik	24%	61,679
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn Incumbent	71%	182,730
	Green	Howard Switzer	1.8%	4,640
	Independent	William Akin	1.1%	2,740
	Independent	Jack Arnold	1.7%	4,256
	Independent	Lenny Ladner	0.5%	1,261
Total Votes				257,306
Source: Tennessee Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

Full history

To view the full congressional electoral history for Marsha Blackburn, click [show] to expand the section.

2010

On November 2, 2010, Marsha Blackburn won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Greg Rabidoux (D) and J.W. "Bill" Stone (I) in the general election.^[7]

U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn incumbent	72.4%	158,916
	Democratic	Greg Rabidoux	24.8%	54,347
	Independent	J.W. "Bill" Stone	2.9%	6,320
Total Votes				219,583

2008

On November 4, 2008, Marsha Blackburn won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Randy G. Morris (D) in the general election.^[8]

U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn incumbent	68.6%	217,332
	Democratic	Randy G. Morris	31.4%	99,549
Total Votes				316,881

2006

On November 7, 2006, Marsha Blackburn won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Bill Morrison (D), Kathleen A. Culver (I), James B. "Mickey" White (I), William J. Smith (I), John L. Rimer (I) and Gayl G. Pratt (I) in the general election.^[9]

U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn incumbent	66%	152,288
	Democratic	Bill Morrison	31.8%	73,369
	Independent	Kathleen A. Culver	0.8%	1,806
	Independent	James B. "Mickey" White	0.4%	898
	Independent	William J. Smith	0.4%	848
	Independent	John L. Rimer	0.3%	710
	Independent	Gayl G. Pratt	0.3%	663
Total Votes				230,582

2004

On November 2, 2004, Marsha Blackburn won re-election to the United States House. She ran unopposed in the general election.^[10]

U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn incumbent	100%	232,404
Total Votes				232,404

2002

On November 5, 2002, Marsha Blackburn won election to the United States House. She defeated Tim Barron (D) and Rick Patterson (I) in the general election.^[11]

U.S. House, Tennessee District 7 General Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marsha Blackburn	70.7%	138,314
	Democratic	Tim Barron	26.5%	51,790
	Independent	Rick Patterson	2.8%	5,423
	K.A.	Write-in	0%	31
Total Votes				195,558

Campaign themes

2024

Ballotpedia survey responses

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2018

Campaign website

Blackburn's campaign website stated the following:

Protect the Homeland

The first charge of the Constitution is to provide for the national defense, and Marsha takes that responsibility seriously. She knows the United States must be strong enough to prevent countries like Russia, China, and North Korea from pushing us and our allies around. We need to draw firm lines and show them that America is not to be trifled with. Our men and women in military fight constant and evolving threats, and they must have the resources they need to keep us safe. Marsha supported a 2.6 percent pay raise for our troops – that’s the highest increase in nine years. When Fort Campbell nearly lost vital funding, she fought for them and helped keep their training and maintenance programs for the 101st Airborne fully funded. Our promise to them does not end when they return home, and she will continue to fight to take care of those who have taken care of us.

Support our Veterans

America is blessed with the greatest fighting force in the world, and Marsha deeply appreciates our servicemen and women and their families. When Fort Campbell was at risk of losing 20,000 people, she fought for them and secured vital funding to keep their training and maintenance programs for the 101st Airborne fully funded. She is fully committed to improving the welfare and quality of life for our veterans and their families, our active duty military, and their spouses, which includes everything from vocational training to medical care to addressing homelessness. Marsha has been endorsed by more than 1,000 Tennessee veterans, and in the Senate, she will continue to fight for our veterans to make sure we keep our promises to those who fought to defend our freedoms.

Continue to Cut Taxes

In the Tennessee State Senate, Marsha led the fight against the state income tax. Last year, she proudly voted for President Trump’s tax reform package and will fight to maintain President Trump’s tax cuts moving forward. While last year’s tax reform is a major step forward, we have more work to do. She will continue to make our tax code simple, fair, low, and permanent. Marsha believes tax policy should encourage job creation, make the American economy competitive globally, and allow taxpayers to keep more of their hard-earned money.

Create Jobs

Marsha knows the best way to create jobs and grow the economy is to get government out of the way and let small business owners do what they do best – innovate and create new jobs. She fought alongside President Trump to significantly reduce regulations last year. These significant cuts in bureaucratic regulations have led to the economic turnaround we are experiencing now. She will continue to work to cut taxes, promote free markets, and control government spending.

Confirm Strict Constitutional Justices to the Supreme Court

One of the Senate’s most important responsibilities is confirming strict constitutionalist justices to the Supreme Court and federal judges to the bench. We need judges who will uphold the Constitution, not legislate from the bench. Tennesseans are sick of liberal activist judges, and as your next Senator, Marsha will vote to confirm President Trump’s strict constitutionalist nominees.

Combat the Opioid Epidemic

As a mother and a grandmother, Marsha is gravely concerned about the opioid crisis. In Tennessee alone, at least three people die from an opioid-related overdose each day. In the State Senate, Marsha fought for drug courts and treatment programs, and she partnered with law enforcement and prosecutors to ensure they had the necessary tools. She recently introduced legislation to strengthen the federal government’s response, by increasing civil and criminal penalties for bad actors and authorizing vital funding. These resources will be used to support evidence-based prevention, enforcement, treatment, and recovery programs. She will continue to work towards a systemic solution that involves law enforcement taking a tough stance on the distribution of illicit opioids and improves prevention and recovery efforts.

Secure the Border

We must secure the border to stem the flow of illegal immigration. Securing the border is not rocket science—it is a matter of political will, and if you send Marsha to the Senate, she will do what it takes to secure the border and protect the rule of law. Marsha will fight to ensure existing immigration laws are followed, stop sanctuary cities, penalize elected officials who refuse to follow federal law, and deport illegal immigrants who commit crimes.

Promote Free Trade

Marsha has consistently supported free trade and recognizes that Tennessee stands to be disproportionately hurt by retaliatory tariffs. She is concerned about tariffs and has expressed those concerns to the President and the Department of Trade. Tennesseans want trade that is both free and fair and our farmers want to expand into additional markets. Tariffs should punish bad actors but should not harm American consumers and manufacturers. She will continue working to protect Tennessee manufacturing jobs.

Stop Human Trafficking

Marsha has long been a leader in the fight to stop human trafficking. She worked across the aisle to raise concerns with Google when it was not stopping human trafficking ads. She ensured law enforcement may take actions against morally repugnant websites that facilitate sex trafficking, regardless of the immunity they otherwise enjoy for user-generated content.

Marsha was one of the first leaders to raise concerns about backpage.com. Last October, law enforcement arrested 22 men in Brentwood in a human trafficking sting. Human trafficking is a horrific crime, and it’s even happening here in our backyard. Because of her work, backpage.com was shut down earlier this year, and its founder was charged after a lengthy investigation. In the Senate, she will continue the fight to stop human trafficking.

Cut Government Spending

Marsha believes our government takes too much and spends too much. Just as families across Tennessee balance their budgets, Marsha believes the federal government should too. She knows Washington doesn’t have an income problem; it has a spending problem. Our national debt is a national security concern, and as a mother and a grandmother, Marsha believes it is immoral to pass this debt onto the next generation. She is a committed fiscal conservative and has the track record to prove it, even in tough circumstances. She has been a deficit hawk, and she will take that same steely commitment to the Senate.

Fix Our Roads

When it comes to our highways, Marsha believes we must restructure the way federal highway projects are selected, maintained, and regulated. She supports President Trump’s plan to rebuild our nation’s crumbling infrastructure. Marsha will work with President Trump every step of the way to advocate for Tennessee’s roadways.

Protect the 2nd Amendment

Marsha is a firm believer that the Second Amendment is one of our most important freedoms, and she understands the importance of protecting our constitutional right to bear arms. The founders saw the crucial importance of giving citizens the right to protect themselves, and the government must protect that right. Tennesseans know that gun violence is a problem, and Marsha is working with members in both parties to reform the mental health system and evaluate violence in our culture. She is committed to enacting policies that prevent these senseless tragedies, while protecting the Second Amendment. She has earned an ‘A’ rating from the NRA.

Close the Digital Divide

Lack of reliable internet access is not just an inconvenience; it holds Tennesseans back. Without access to reliable internet, children are unable to complete their homework assignments and our small businesses are unable to compete on a larger scale. Marsha is leading the fight to bring broadband to rural communities. She is working with President Trump and members of both parties make broadband more accessible for rural Tennesseans by closing the digital divide.

Fix Our Broken Healthcare System

Tennesseans know the false promises of a government-controlled system, and they are suffering from the impacts of Obamacare, which made health insurance and health care too expensive to afford. It has driven up the cost of all health insurance and forced 122,000 Tennesseans to pay a penalty. Last year, the Senate failed its promise to the American people when it refused to repeal the law, but Marsha remains committed to returning health care to a patient-centered system where families and doctors can make their decisions. She’ll fight to make health care accessible and affordable for all Tennesseans – unlike Democrats who will drive up health care costs and put the government in charge of your healthcare decisions.

Educate Our Children

Every student in Tennessee should be prepared with skills for life and ready for whatever path they choose. Tennessee is blessed with great teachers, but they are held back by a bureaucratic system that prioritizes national standards and paperwork over student engagement and advancement. The federal government needs to get out of the way and let teachers and state and local officials in Tennessee take the lead. Marsha believes in applying Tennessee conservative, common-sense approaches to education, including expanding school choice, increasing charter school options, making homeschooling easier, and supporting state and local control of education. She will fight to make sure education money actually goes to classroom instead of being spent on administrators and bureaucrats.

Stand with President Trump

In 2016, President Trump won the state of Tennessee with the largest margin of victory in 44 years, earning 61% of the vote. Tennesseans sent President Trump to the White House to drain the swamp, put strict constitutionalists on the federal bench and Supreme Court, protect our nation’s security, curb our out of control federal spending, and build the wall, but in order to do that, he needs working majorities in the House and Senate. Like you are, Marsha is frustrated by the Senate’s unwillingness to work with the President. In the Senate, Marsha will stand with the President and work with him to implement his agenda.

Uphold Law and Order

Tennesseans are fortunate to have dedicated public servants in their law enforcement officers. These brave men and women don’t need the federal government to tell them how to do their jobs. Marsha regularly meets with law enforcement to ensure they have the tools they need. She will always fight to ensure they have the necessary resources, and she will work hand in hand with them to keep Tennesseans safe. She has earned support from law enforcement officers across the state.

Protect Life

Marsha is 100 percent pro-life. She has been a leader in the fight against the horrors of abortion for years. Marsha has always fought to ban late term abortions. She also chaired the House panel that investigated the sale of baby body parts, which resulted in 15 criminal referrals. In the Senate, she will continue to be a voice for the voiceless. She has been endorsed by SBA List and National Right to Life.^[12]

Campaign advertisements

The following is an example of an ad from Blackburn's 2018 election campaign.

"Better Shape" released August 1, 2018

2016

The following issues were listed on Blackburn's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

"

Immigration Reform: One of the most perplexing problems confronting America is the issue of immigration reform. Not only are illegal immigrants breaking our laws to cross our borders, they also impose a heavy burden on the country economically.

Energy: Congressman Blackburn has been a steady leader on the issue of Energy since her first days in Congress. With a clear understanding of the devastating effects of rising energy costs on all Tennesseans, she’s made fighting for their interests a key priority.

Pro-Life and Family Values: Marsha Blackburn is a strong advocate of pro-life principles. She has taken a strong stand in Congress to protect those who are incapable of protecting themselves. The nation’s largest pro-life organization, National Right to Life, has given Congressman Blackburn a 100 percent rating for her pro-life voting record.

Second Amendment: Congressman Blackburn has been a staunch proponent of 2nd Amendment rights and continues to support the right of Americans to bear arms. Blackburn received an “A” and the official endorsement from the NRA due to her strong opposition to gun control and weakening of our 2nd Amendment rights.

Spending and Our National Debt: Since she was first elected to Congress, Marsha Blackburn has been calling for fiscal responsibility and reductions in federal government spending. She understands that the federal government must balance its budget and live within its means.^[13]

”

—Marsha Blackburn's campaign website, https://www.marshablackburn.com/issues/

2012

According to Blackburn's site, her campaign themes included:

Energy: "...strongly supports the underlying goals of our nation’s environmental laws like the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and those that protect our National Parks and wildlife habitat."
Healthcare: "...recognizes that health care reform is needed, but she also believes that it must be consumer centered."
Budget: "...understands that the federal government must balance its budget and live within its means."^[14]

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Marsha Blackburn
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Donald Trump ^source (Conservative Party, R)	President of the United States (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Convention
Kari Lake ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Arizona (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Primary
Jim Banks ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Indiana (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Primary
Tim Sheehy ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Montana (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Primary
Bernie Moreno ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Ohio (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Primary
Jim Justice ^source (R)	U.S. Senate West Virginia (2024)	Primäre	Advanced in Primary
Kari Lake ^source (R)	Governor of Arizona (2022)	Primäre	Lost General
Adam Laxalt ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Nevada (2022)	Primäre	Lost General

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2023-2024

Blackburn was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2021-2022

Blackburn was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2019-2020

Blackburn was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Blackburn was assigned to the following committees:^[15]

Committee on Energy and Commerce

2015-2016

Blackburn served on the following committees:^[16]

2013-2014

Blackburn served on the following committees:^[17]

Committee on Budget
Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
- Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
- Subcommittee on Health
- Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations

2011-2012

Blackburn served on the following committees:

Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
- Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
- Subcommittee on Health
- Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations (Energy and Commerce)

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, at which point Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[18]

Passed (87-13)

Nay

Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[19]

Passed (87-11)

Nay

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[20]

Passed (88-9)

Nay

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[21] Click here to read more.

Passed (63-36)

Not Voting

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[22] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-23)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".

H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[23]

Failed (50-49)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[24] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-46)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Nay

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[25] Click here to read more.

Passed (69-30)

Nay

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[26] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[27] Click here to read more.

Passed (51-50)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[28]

Passed (88-11)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[29]

Passed (83-11)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[30]

Passed (86-11)

Nay

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[31]

Passed (64-33)

Nay

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[32]

Failed (46-48)

Nay

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[33]

Passed (68-31)

Nay

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[34] Click here to read more.

Passed (61-36)

Nay

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[35]

Passed (72-25)

Not Voting

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[36]

Passed (94-1)

Nay

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[37]

Passed (79-19)

Nay

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[38] Click here to read more.

Passed (65-33)

Nay

Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.^[39]

Passed (65-35)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.^[40] Click here to read more.

Not guilty (57-43)

Not Voting

Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[41]

Failed (47-47)

Nay

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[42] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[43] Click here to read more.

Failed (49-51)

Nay

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.^[44] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-29)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[45]

Passed (96-0)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majroity vote in the Senate. ^[46]

Passed (86-8)

Nay

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[47]

Passed (90-8)

Nay

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[48]

Passed (71-23)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[49]

Passed (96-1)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[50]

Passed (83-16)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[51]

Passed (92-8)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[52]

Passed (84-13)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[53]

Passed (81-13)

Yea

Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019

The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S. 1) is a bill approved by the Senate that sought to address security in certain Middle Eastern countries by sending resources to Israel, extending defense cooperation in Jordan, establishing sanctions related to the conflict in Syria, and allowing states to divest from entities boycotting Israel. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[54]

Passed (77-23)

Nay

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 1st, 2020, continuing appropriations to federal agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 as well as extending certain expiring programs that address issues such as health care, surface transportation, agriculture, and veterans benefits. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[55]

Passed (84-10)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1158) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for the 2020 Fiscal Year for federal agencies. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[56]

Passed (81-11)

Nay

Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019

The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations to federal agencies through December 20, 2019 and extending certain programs and authorites that were set to expire. This bill prevented a government shutdown, and provided a pay raise for the military, repealed a revocation of state highway funding, and modified the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate.^[57]

Passed (74-20)

Yea

Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act

The Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act (H.R. 1327) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 29, 2019, providing funds for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001. Key features of the bill included allowing claims to be filed until October 2090, removing the cap on noneconomic damages in certain circumstances, and periodically adjusting the annual limit on economic loss compensation for inflation. This bill required a simple majority vote from the Senate. ^[58]

Passed (97-2)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[59]

Not Guilty (52-48)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[60]

Not Guilty (53-47)

Yea

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (H.R. 5430) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on October 21, 2020, establishing a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada meant to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by establishing provisions such as labor and environment monitoring and enforcement, de minimis levels for U.S. exports, and cooperation among treaty members to prevent duty evasion. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[61]

Passed (89-10)

Yea

Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act

The Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (S. 151) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 30, 2019, setting forth rules to reduce criminal robot calls. Some key featues of the bill included requiring voice service providers to develop call authentication technologies, creating rules to protect a subscriber from receiving unwanted calls or texts from a caller using an unauthenticated number, and protecting individuals from one-ring scams. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[62]

Passed (97-1)

Yea

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019

The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on July 1, 2019, providing emergency approprations for humanitarian assistance and security to respond to people attempting to enter the United States at the southern border. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[63]

Passed (84-8)

Nay

Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019

The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (H.R. 2157) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on June 6, 2019, providing approprations to certain federal departments in order to address expenses incured by recent natural disasters. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[64]

Passed (85-8)

Nay

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.

H.J.Res.46 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.) was a resolution passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump (R). This resolution sought to terminate the national emergency related to the U.S.-Mexico border, declared by President Trump on February 15, 2019. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[65]

Passed (59-41)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[66]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))

Bill Passed (213-211) on June 21, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.^[67]

Voted Yea on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)

Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.^[68]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs.^[69]

Voted Yea on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)

Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[70]

Voted Yea on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)

Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017

Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally.^[71]

Voted Yea on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)

Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017

Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws.^[72]

Voted Yea on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017

Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare.^[73]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Nay on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[74]

Did not vote on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (377-20) on September 13, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[75]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[76]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[77]

Voted Yea on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)

Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018

Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act^[78]

Voted Nay on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[79]

Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[80]

Voted Yea on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[81]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[82]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018.^[83]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[84]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018.^[85]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)

Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[86]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[87]

Voted Yea on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.)^[88]

Voted Yea on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027.^[89]

Voted Yea on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)

Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017

Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills.^[90]

Voted Nay on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[91]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)

Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017

Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey.^[92]

Voted Yea on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)

Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017

Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts.^[93]

Voted Nay on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017

Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[94]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)

Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities^[95]

Did not vote on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.^[96]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.^[97]

Voted Yea on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)

Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017

Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018.^[98]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[99]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)

Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[100]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)

Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[101]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority.^[102]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)

Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017

The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding.^[103]

114th Congress

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[104]^[105] For more information pertaining to Blackburn's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[106]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

Trade adjustment assistance
On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Blackburn was one of 158 Republicans to vote against TAA.^[107]^[108]
Trade promotion authority
On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Blackburn was one of 191 Republicans to support the measure.^[109]^[110]
Trade promotion authority second vote
After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining their original positions on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Blackburn was one of 190 Republicans to vote in favor of the amendment.^[111]^[112]
Trade adjustment assistance second vote
The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Blackburn was one of 132 Republicans to vote against HR 1295.^[113]^[114]

Defense spending authorization

On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Blackburn voted with 227 other Republicans and 41 Democrats to approve the bill.^[115] The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[116]

On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[117]^[118] Blackburn voted with 234 other Republicans and 135 Democrats to approve the bill.^[119] On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[120]

2016 Budget proposal

On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, voted against the resolution. Blackburn voted with 225 other Republicans to approve the bill.^[121]^[122]^[123]

2015 budget

On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[124] Blackburn voted with 166 Republicans against the bill.^[125] It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015.^[126] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Blackburn voted with 222 other Republican representatives to approve the bill.^[127]^[128]

Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Blackburn voted with 243 Republicans and 25 Democrats against the bill.^[129]^[130]

Suspension of Iran sanctions relief
On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Blackburn voted with 244 Republicans and two Democrats for the bill.^[131]^[132]

Presidential non-compliance of section 2
On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Blackburn voted with 244 Republicans for the resolution.^[133]^[134]

Export-Import Bank

On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods.^[135] Blackburn voted with 116 Republicans and one Democrat against the bill.^[136]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Blackburn voted with 195 Republicans and 142 Democrats to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[137]^[138]

Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Blackburn voted with 237 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[139]^[140]

Cyber security

On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies.^[141] Blackburn voted with 219 Republicans and 135 Democrats to approve the bill.^[142]

On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116.^[143] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Blackburn voted with 201 Republicans and 105 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[144]

Immigration

On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137.^[145] The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Blackburn voted with 241 Republicans and 47 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[146]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[147] For more information pertaining to Blackburn's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[148]

National security

NDAA

Blackburn voted in support of HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.^[149]

DHS Appropriations

Blackburn voted in support of HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 and was largely along party lines.^[149]

Keystone Pipeline Amendment

Blackburn voted in opposition of House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines.^[149]

CISPA (2013)

Blackburn did not vote on HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities.^[150] The bill was largely supported by Republicans but divided the Democratic Party.^[149]

Economy

2014 Farm bill

On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.^[151] The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.^[152]^[153] It also cut the food stamp program an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[153] Blackburn voted with 62 other Republican representatives against the bill.

2014 Budget

On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[154]^[155] The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582-page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill.^[155] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[156] It increased the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel by 1 percent, increased Head Start funding for early childhood education by $1 billion, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and protected the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Blackburn voted with the majority of the Republican Party in favor of the bill.^[154]

2013 Farm bill

See also: United States Farm Bill 2013

Blackburn supported the July 11, 2013 Farm Bill. The bill passed in a 216-208 vote.^[157] The bill passed included farm policy, but did not include food stamps.^[158]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.^[159] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.^[160] Blackburn voted to approve the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.^[161]

The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[162] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Blackburn voted against HR 2775.^[163]

Immigration

Morton Memos Prohibition

Blackburn supported House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status.^[164] The vote largely followed party lines.^[165]

Gesundheitswesen

Repealing Obamacare

Blackburn supported all attempts to repeal or delay the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[166]

Social issues

Abortion

Blackburn supported HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.^[167]

Government affairs

HR 676

See also: Boehner's lawsuit against the Obama administration

On July 30, 2014, the U.S. House approved a resolution 225 to 201 to sue President Barack Obama for exceeding his constitutional authority. Five Republicans—Thomas Massie of Kentucky, Paul Broun of Georgia, Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Walter Jones of North Carolina and Steve Stockman of Texas—voted with Democrats against the lawsuit.^[168] Blackburn joined the other 224 Republicans in favor of the lawsuit. All Democrats voted against the resolution.^[169]^[170]

Previous congressional sessions

Fiscal cliff

Blackburn voted against the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003, while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. She was one of 151 Republicans that voted against the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257 - 167 vote on January 1, 2013.^[171]

Issues

Possible 2016 Republican vice presidential candidate

See also: Possible vice presidential picks, 2016

Blackburn was mentioned in 2016 as a possible Republican vice presidential candidate. Click here for the full list of those who were floated by politicians and news outlets as possible running mates.

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Marsha Blackburn campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2024*	U.S. Senate Tennessee	On the Ballot general	$14,501,964	$6,339,437
2018	U.S. Senate Tennessee	Won general	$14,634,620	$16,572,478
2016	U.S. House, Tennessee District 7	Won	$2,169,868	N/A**
2014	U.S. House (Tennessee, District 7)	Won	$2,086,901	N/A**
2012	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$1,779,731	N/A**
2010	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$1,563,193	N/A**
2008	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$1,246,326	N/A**
2006	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$1,204,671	N/A**
2004	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$833,160	N/A**
2002	U.S. House Tennessee District 7	Won	$630,324	N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Noteworthy events

Reported as possible 2024 Republican vice presidential nominee

See also: Vice presidential candidates, 2024

Media reports discussed Blackburn as a possible 2024 Republican vice presidential candidate.^[172] Former President Donald Trump (R) selected U.S. Sen. J.D. Vance (R-Ohio) as his running mate on July 15, 2024, the first day of the 2024 Republican National Convention.

In 2020, President Joe Biden (D) announced Vice President Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate six days before the start of the Democratic National Convention (DNC). In 2016, both Hillary Clinton (D) and Trump announced their running mates three days before the DNC and RNC, respectively.

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Blackburn's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $261,024 to $842,000. That averages to $551,512, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican House members in 2012 of $7,614,097.96. Blackburn ranked as the 259th most wealthy representative in 2012.^[173] Between 2005 and 2012, Blackburn‘s calculated net worth^[174] increased by an average of 3 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[175]

Marsha Blackburn Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2005	$461,272
2012	$551,512
Growth from 2005 to 2012:	20%
Average annual growth:	3%^[176]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[177]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Blackburn received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Health Professionals industry. Comparatively, the top industry employer in Tennessee's 7th Congressional District was Educational services, and health care and social assistance, according to a 2012 U.S. Census survey.^[178]

From 1991-2014, 21.09 percent of Blackburn's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[179]

Marsha Blackburn Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$11,311,016
Total Spent	$9,583,528
Top industry in the district	Educational services, and health care and social assistance
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Health Professionals	$765,499
Pharmaceuticals/Health Products	$475,850
TV/Movies/Music	$405,100
Oil & Gas	$389,003
Retired	$349,743
% total in top industry	6.77%
% total in top two industries	10.97%
% total in top five industries	21.09%

Analysis

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[180]

Blackburn most often voted with:

Blackburn least often voted with:

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Blackburn was a "far-right Republican leader," as of July 30, 2014.^[181] This was the same rating Blackburn received in June 2013.^[182]

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Blackburn missed 204 of 9,324 roll call votes from January 2003 to September 2015. This amounted to 2.2 percent, which was equal to the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.^[183]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Blackburn paid her congressional staff a total of $974,092 in 2011. Overall, Tennessee ranked 39th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.^[184]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Blackburn ranked 47th in the conservative rankings in 2013.^[185]

2012

Blackburn ranked third in the conservative rankings in 2012.^[186]

2011

Blackburn was one of five members of congress who ranked 40th in the conservative rankings in 2011.^[187]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Marsha Blackburn voted with the Republican Party 95 percent of the time, which ranked 83rd among the 233 House Republican members as of July 2014.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

2013

Marsha Blackburn voted with the Republican Party 95.3 percent of the time, which ranked 148th among the 234 House Republican members as of June 2013.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Blackburn and her husband, Chuck, have two children.^[188]

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. Senate Tennessee

Officeholder

U.S. Senate Tennessee

Personal

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Bob Corker (R)	U.S. Senate Tennessee 2019-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	U.S. House Tennessee District 7 2003-2019	Succeeded by Mark Green (R)
Preceded by -	Tennessee State Senate District 23 1999-2003	Succeeded by -

[show]

Tennessee's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Marsha Blackburn (R)

Bill Hagerty (R)

Representatives

District 1

Diana Harshbarger (R)

District 2

Tim Burchett (R)

District 3

Charles Fleischmann (R)

District 4

Scott DesJarlais (R)

District 5

Andy Ogles (R)

District 6

John Rose (R)

District 7

Mark Green (R)

District 8

David Kustoff (R)

District 9

Steve Cohen (D)

Republican Party (10)

Democratic Party (1)

[1] Mississippi State University, "Blackburn," accessed December 19, 2013

[bio-2] 2.0 ^2.1 House.gov, "Marsha Blackburn Biography," accessed May 2, 2013

[3] Fox News, "Who's who in the new Trump transition team line-up," November 11, 2016

[list-4] Tennessee Secretary of State, "Candidate Petitions Filed as of April 7, 2016 Noon Qualifying Deadline," accessed April 8, 2016

[primaryresults16-5] Politico, "Tennessee House Primaries Results," August 4, 2016

[6] CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 8, 2016

[7] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013

[8] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013

[9] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013

[10] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013

[11] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013

[blackburnissues-12] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named blackburnissues

[quotedisclaimer-13] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[14] Marsha Blackburn for Congress, "Issues," accessed October 9, 2012

[15] U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017

[16] U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015

[17] CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013

[18] Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[19] Congress.gov, "H.R.6363 - Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[20] Congress.gov, "H.R.5860 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act," accessed February 27, 2024

[21] Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 27, 2024

[22] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024

[23] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.44 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'"" accessed February 28, 2024

[24] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

[25] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[26] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[27] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[28] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[29] Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[30] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[31] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[32] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[33] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[34] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[35] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[36] Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[37] Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[38] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[39] Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023

[40] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[41] Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[42] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022

[43] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[44] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[45] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[46] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[47] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[48] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[49] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[50] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[51] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[52] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[53] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[54] Congress.gov, "S.1 - Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[55] Congress.gov, "H.R.8337 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[56] Congress.gov, "H.R.1158 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[57] Congress.gov, "H.R.3055 - Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[58] Congress.gov, "H.R.1327 - Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[59] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[60] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[61] Congress.gov, “H.R.5430 - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act,” accessed April 28, 2024

[62] Congress.gov, "S.151 - Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act" accessed April 28, 2024

[63] Congress.gov, "H.R.3401 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019,' accessed April 28, 2024

[64] Congress.gov, "H.R.2157 - Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019," accessed April 28, 2024

[65] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.46 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.," accessed April 28, 2024

[66] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018

[67] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018

[68] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018

[69] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019

[70] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017

[71] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017

[72] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017

[73] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017

[74] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018

[75] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018

[76] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018

[77] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018

[78] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018

[79] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018

[80] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018

[81] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018

[82] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018

[83] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018

[84] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017

[85] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017

[86] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017

[87] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017

[88] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017

[89] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017

[90] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017

[91] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017

[92] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017

[93] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017

[94] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017

[95] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018

[96] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018

[97] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017

[98] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017

[99] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017

[100] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017

[101] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017

[102] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017

[103] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017

[104] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[105] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[106] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[107] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015

[108] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[109] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015

[110] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[111] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015

[112] Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015

[113] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015

[114] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

[115] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015

[116] Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015

[117] The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015

[118] Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015

[119] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015

[120] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015

[121] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015

[122] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015

[123] The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015

[124] Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015

[125] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015

[126] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015

[127] Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015

[128] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015

[129] Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015

[130] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015

[131] Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015

[132] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015

[133] Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015

[rc492-134] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015

[135] Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015

[136] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015

[137] Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015

[138] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015

[139] Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015

[140] Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015

[141] Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015

[142] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015

[143] Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015

[144] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015

[145] Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015

[146] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015

[147] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[148] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[ns-149] 149.0 ^149.1 ^149.2 ^149.3 Project Vote Smart, "Representative Blackburn's Voting Records on National Security," accessed October 15, 2013

[150] The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013

[151] Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014

[152] Politico, "House clears farm bill," accessed February 12, 2014

[farm-153] 153.0 ^153.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled Farm Bill, With clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014

[cnnhousevote-154] 154.0 ^154.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014

[vote-155] 155.0 ^155.1 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014

[156] Roll Call, "House passes $1.1 trillion omnibus," accessed January 15, 2014

[157] Vote Smart, "Blackburn on agriculture," accessed October 16, 2013

[158] New York Times, "House Republicans push through Farm Bill, without food stamps," accessed September 17, 2013

[159] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[160] Buzzfeed, "Government shutdown: How we got here," accessed October 1, 2013

[161] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[162] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[163] U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013

[164] The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013

[165] Project Vote Smart, "Representative Blackburn's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed October 16, 2013

[166] Project Vote Smart, "Representative Blackburn's Voting Records on Issue: Health and Healthcare," accessed October 16, 2013

[167] Project Vote Smart, "Blackburn on abortion," accessed October 16, 2013

[168] U.S. House, "House Resolution 676," accessed July 30, 2014

[169] Associated Press, "Suing Obama: GOP-led House gives the go-ahead," July 31, 2014

[170] Washington Post, "House clears way for lawsuit against Obama," accessed July 30, 2014

[171] U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013

[172] ABC News, "Noem? Reynolds? A very early look at the Republican 'veepstakes,'" July 1, 2023

[173] OpenSecrets, "Blackburn, 2012," accessed January 14, 2014

[174] This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).

[175] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[176] This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.

[177] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[178] Census.gov, "My Congressional District," accessed September 25, 2014

[179] OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Marsha Blackburn," accessed September 25, 2014

[180] OpenCongress, "Marsha Blackburn," archived March 5, 2016

[181] GovTrack, "Marsha Blackburn," accessed July 30, 2014

[182] GovTrack, "Marsha Blackburn," accessed June 26, 2013

[183] GovTrack, "Marsha Blackburn," accessed October 19, 2015

[184] LegiStorm, "Marsha Blackburn," accessed September 18, 2012

[185] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," July 30, 2014

[186] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 28, 2013

[187] National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012

[188] MarshaBlackburn.com, "About Marsha," accessed April 15, 2014

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