countenance

Englisch

WOTD – 7 May 2009

Alternative forms

• countenaunce (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English contenaunce, countenaunce, from Anglo-Norman countenance and Old French contenance, from the present participle of contenir, or from Late Latin continentia, and therefore a doublet of continence.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/, /ˈkaʊnt.nəns/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): [kæũ̯n.tɪ̆.nəns]

  • Audio (General Australian):

    (file)

Nomen

countenance (countable and uncountable, plural countenances)

1. Appearance, especially the features and expression of the face.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:5:

     But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.

   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 319:

     It was as if the countenance were for a brief while allowed to wear the likeness of the peaceful and spiritual world whither the soul had departed.

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     But Richmond, his grandfather's darling, after one thoughtful glance cast under his lashes at that uncompromising countenance appeared to lose himself in his own reflections.

   • 1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 46:

     With such powerful selling-points, why is it, as recent editorial comment and correspondence in this journal has revealed, that "Condor" has yet to bring a warm glow to the countenance of the L.M.R.'s accountants?

2. Favour; support; encouragement.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 21:6:

     Thou hast made him […] glad with thy countenance.

   • 1706 September 19 (Gregorian calendar), Francis Atterbury, “A Sermon Preach’d in the Guild-Hall Chapel, London, Sept. 28. 1706. Being the Day of the Election of the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor.”, in Fourteen Sermons Preach’d on Several Occasions. […], London: […] E. P. [Edmund Parker?] for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1708, →OCLC, page 424:

     This is the Magiſtrate's peculiar Province, to give Countenance to Piety and Virtue, and to rebuke Vice and Prophaneneſs; […]

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 179–180:

     However, the poor old lady is in great distress; she and her grandaughter are coming up to London, and I wish to give them all possible countenance and assistance.

   • 1926, T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor, published 1991, page 174:

     All feared and obeyed him; to use his roads we must have his countenance.

3. (obsolete) Superficial appearance; show; pretense.
   • a. 1569 (date written), Roger Ascham, edited by Margaret Ascham, The Scholemaster: Or Plaine and Perfite Way of Teaching Children, to Vnderstand, Write, and Speake, the Latin Tong, […], London: […] John Daye, […], published 1570, →OCLC:

     The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent thereat.

4. Calm facial expression, composure, self-control.

Synonyms

• see also Thesaurus:countenance

Derived terms

• divine countenance
• in countenance
• keep one's countenance
• out of countenance
• uncountenanceable

 

Translations

face

• Afrikaans: gesigsuitdrukking
• Arabic: مَلَامِح m pl (malāmiḥ)
• Armenian: դեմք (hy) (demkʻ), դեմքի արտահայտություն (demkʻi artahaytutʻyun)
• Bulgarian: изражение на лицето (izraženie na liceto)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 面容 (zh) (miànróng)

• Czech: výraz (cs) m, tvář (cs) f
• Danish: ansigt (da) n, mine (da) c
• Dutch: gelaatsuitdrukking (nl), verschijning (nl)
• Finnish: ilme (fi), kasvonpiirteet
• French: visage (fr) m
• Galician: cariz m
• Georgian: სახის გამომეტყველება (saxis gamomeṭq̇veleba)
• German: Antlitz (de) n, Gesichtsausdruck (de) m, Miene (de) f
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌹 n (andaugi)
• Greek: όψη (el) f (ópsi), μορφή (el) f (morfí), παρουσιαστικό (el) n (parousiastikó), φυσιογνωμία (el) f (fysiognomía)
• Haitian Creole: figi
• Icelandic: andlit (is) n
• Irish: gnúis f
• Italian: sembianza (it) f, apparenza (it) f, espressione (it) f
• Macedonian: лик m (lik)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: mine (no) m or f

• Polish: oblicze (pl) n, wyraz twarzy (pl) m, mina (pl) f
• Portuguese: aparência (pt) f, semblante (pt) m
• Russian: выраже́ние лица (ru) n (vyražénije lica)
• Scottish Gaelic: aogas m
• Serbo-Croatian: лик, lik (sh)
• Spanish: semblante (es) m, apariencia (es) f, expresión (es) f, rostro (es) m, faz (es) f
• Swedish: uppsyn (sv) c, min (sv) c
• Turkish: çehre (tr), yüz (tr)

favour; support; encouragement

• Czech: podpora (cs) f, schvalování (cs) n
• German: Unterstützung (de) f
• Spanish: apoyo (es) m
• Turkish: destekleme (tr)

superficial appearance; show; pretense

• Spanish: semblante (es) m, expresión (es) f

calm facial expression

• Czech: vyrovnanost f, klid (cs) m
• German: Fassung (de) f, Haltung (de) f, Ruhe (de), Beherrschtheit f, Contenance (de) f
• Turkish: yüz ifadesi (tr)

Verb

countenance (third-person singular simple present countenances, present participle countenancing, simple past and past participle countenanced)

1. (transitive) To tolerate, support, sanction, patronise oder approve of something.

   Synonyms: approve, sanction, support, tolerate

   The cruel punishment was countenanced by the government, although it was not officially legal.

   • 1937, Willa Muir and Edwin Muir (translators), The Trial, (Der Prozess 1925, Franz Kafka), Vintage Books (London), pg. 99

     For the Defence was not actually countenanced by the Law, but only tolerated, and there were differences of opinion even on that point, whether the Law could be interpreted to admit such tolerances at all.

   • 2005, Tony Judt, “The Politics of Stability”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

     But even though the Pleven Plan was the brainchild of a French prime minister, public debate had revealed the extent of French reluctance to countenance German rearmament under any conditions.

   • 2022 May 31, James Vincent, “Boris Johnson’s move to bring back imperial units is pure piffle – and simply unfathomable”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     There are obvious reasons to cherish and respect imperial units of measure. […] Very few of us would countenance the removal of pints from pubs, for example.

   • 2022 October 17, “Jeremy Hunt shreds Truss’s economic plans in astounding U-turn on tax”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     The new chancellor dismantled almost all of the platform that Truss’s leadership victory had been built on, including the majority of her tax cuts, and hinted a new windfall tax was in his sights – a move the PM had previously said she would not countenance.

Translations

tolerate, support, sanction

• Armenian: աջակցել (hy) (aǰakcʻel), սատարել (hy) (satarel), քաջալերել (hy) (kʻaǰalerel), համակրել (hy) (hamakrel)
• Bulgarian: подкрепям (bg) (podkrepjam), одобрявам (bg) (odobrjavam)
• Czech: podporovat (cs)
• Danish: billige, støtte, tolerere
• Dutch: gedogen (nl), dulden (nl)
• Finnish: sallia (fi)
• French: approuver (fr)
• German: billigen (de), dulden (de)
• Greek: υποστηρίζω (el) (ypostirízo), ενθαρρύνω (el) (entharrýno)

  Ancient Greek: ἐπαινέω (epainéō)

• Icelandic: láta viðgangast
• Latin: faveō
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: billige, støtte (no), tolerere

• Portuguese: tolerar (pt)
• Russian: терпеть, одобрять, разрешать; давать санкцию (на совершение чего-л.)
• Spanish: admitir (es), permitir (es), tolerar (es); aprobar (es), sancionar (es); apoyar (es), favorecer (es), patrocinar (es)

References

• “countenance”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “countenance”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “countenance”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Old French

Alternative forms

• contenance
• contennaunce
• continance

Etymology

From contenant, the present participle of contenir, with the suffix -ance, corresponding to Late Latin continentia. See also continence.

Nomen

countenance oblique singular, f (oblique plural countenances, nominative singular countenance, nominative plural countenances)

1. (Anglo-Norman) appearance; countenance
   • e moustre par contenance q'il ad honte de ceo q'il ad fet

     And he showed by his appearance that he was ashamed of what he had done.

Related terms

• contenant
• contenir

Descendants

• English: countenance
• French: contenance

References

• contenance on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub