What does physical inactivity do to women's health?

Physical inactivity is defined as a lack of sufficient physical activity to meet the recommended guidelines established by health authorities. These guidelines typically suggest that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days per week.
Physical inactivity occurs when an individual does not engage in this level of activity, leading to a sedentary lifestyle. This lack of movement can have various adverse effects on overall health and well-being. For women, the consequences of inactivity can be profound, affecting both physical and mental health, and contributing to the development of various chronic diseases.
One of the most immediate and apparent impacts of inactivity is on cardiovascular health. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy heart and circulatory system. In women, a sedentary lifestyle significantly increases the risk of developing heart disease, which is the leading cause of death among women globally. Physical inactivity leads to weight gain, elevated blood pressure, and increased cholesterol levels, all of which are risk factors for heart disease. Additionally, inactive women are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, which further exacerbates cardiovascular risks.

Bone health is another critical area affected by inactivity. Women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, running, and strength training, are essential for maintaining bone density. Without regular physical activity, women's bones become more fragile over time, increasing the likelihood of fractures, particularly in older age. Moreover, physical inactivity has significant implications for mental health. Exercise has been shown to release endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and mood elevators.
Regular physical activity can help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, common mental health issues among women. Inactive women are more likely to experience these mental health challenges, which can adversely affect their quality of life. The risk of certain cancers, including breast and colon cancer, also increases with physical inactivity. Exercise helps regulate hormones, such as estrogen, which can influence the development of breast cancer. By maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular physical activity, women can reduce their risk of these cancers. Additionally, physical inactivity can impact reproductive health. Regular exercise helps regulate menstrual cycles and can alleviate symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Inactive women may experience irregular menstrual cycles and more severe symptoms of these conditions.

In conclusion, the lack of physical activity poses significant risks to women's health, affecting cardiovascular, bone, mental, and reproductive health. By recognizing the importance of physical activity and making concerted efforts to promote it, we can improve the overall health and wellbeing of women, ultimately leading to healthier and more vibrant communities.
(Author: Dr. Ankur Gupta, Consultant Internal Medicine, Fortis Escorts, Okhla Road, New Delhi)