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  • Cad Cam PDF

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    Bahaa Hayajneh
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    CAD/CAM technology can be used to design and manufacture dental restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, veneers, and bridges directly from a 3D digital impression using intraoral scanning or dental casts. The digital workflow involves 3 main steps: 1) data capture through scanning of the oral structures, 2) computer-aided design of the restoration geometry, and 3) computer-aided manufacturing of the restoration using subtractive or additive methods. Removable dentures can also be made using CAD/CAM by digitally designing the denture teeth arrangement and occlusal rims, 3D printing prototypes, and milling the final denture bases.

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    CAD/CAM technology can be used to design and manufacture dental restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, veneers, and bridges directly from a 3D digital impression using intraoral scanning or dental casts. The digital workflow involves 3 main steps: 1) data capture through scanning of the oral structures, 2) computer-aided design of the restoration geometry, and 3) computer-aided manufacturing of the restoration using subtractive or additive methods. Removable dentures can also be made using CAD/CAM by digitally designing the denture teeth arrangement and occlusal rims, 3D printing prototypes, and milling the final denture bases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    170 views4 pages

    Cad Cam PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bahaa Hayajneh
    CAD/CAM technology can be used to design and manufacture dental restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, veneers, and bridges directly from a 3D digital impression using intraoral scanning or dental casts. The digital workflow involves 3 main steps: 1) data capture through scanning of the oral structures, 2) computer-aided design of the restoration geometry, and 3) computer-aided manufacturing of the restoration using subtractive or additive methods. Removable dentures can also be made using CAD/CAM by digitally designing the denture teeth arrangement and occlusal rims, 3D printing prototypes, and milling the final denture bases.

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    of 4

    CAD/CAM

    *Uses: The technology which is used in both the dental laboratory and the
    dental office , can be applied to :
    1- inlays
    2- onlays
    3- veneers
    4- crowns
    5- fixed partial dentures
    6- implant abutments
    7- even full-mouth reconstruction CAD/CAM is also being used in orthodontics.

    References
    Gary Davidowtiz , philip G.Kotick
    pages:559-570
    2011
    Publishers : Elsevier Bv
    DOI:
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011853211000255?via
    %3Dihub
    *The three main components and the way to used each one:
    1-Data capture or scanning to obtain the oral information : inraoral capture
    this method uses 3D optical systems for capturing single components
    anatomy some examples are:
    A - Interferometrie moire .
    B - Laser scan .
    C - Color coding (such as cerec(8) and Evolution 4D .
    2-CAD for the geometric design of the restoration these CAD systems have
    same simple functions to change the restauration geometry.
    3-CAM to manufacture the restoration .CAM systems use computer-ossisted
    information to shape a physical object , using subtract methods (that
    removes material from a starting block to obtain in the desired shapes) or
    using additive methods , used in the rapid prototyping ,increasingly used in
    CAD/CAM oral technology prosthetic abutments.

    References :

    • Priest G.virtual-designed and computer-milled implant abut ments . Oral


    maxillofac surg .
    • 2005 ; 63:22-32
    DOI :
    http://medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v14i3/medoralv14i3p141.pdf?fbclid=Iw
    AR2-oNglw1DEPO1flQN06pqhiu5cP44bp9ns8Y6CKqozm_KdigKvRDiHjIA
    *Steps to manufacture removable dentures using CAD CAM:

    1 - Clinical condition : For the primary casts, conventional impressions using alginate
    (Alginoplast, regular set; Heraeus Kulzer GmbH) were made for subsequent scanning
    and digital designed special trays (first clinical appointment). The correct path of
    insertion and the extension and width of the trays were designed and managed within
    the PDC software. The trays were manufactured with rapid prototyping process
    (ProJet MP 3500, 3D Systems Inc) .
    2 - Special trays manufactured by rapid prototyping : Once the definitive impressions
    ( Impregum Penta; 3M ESPE) of the maxilla and mandible were completed with the 3D
    printed special trays (second clinical appointment), the secondary casts were
    fabricated, which then are scanned for the digital design of the occlusal rims .
    3 - Digital design of the occlusal rims : The third clinical appointment is dedicated to
    adjusting the occlusion rims and recording the clinical data following the basic
    protocol for removable dentures , like the vertical dimension occlusion , smile line,
    position of the canines , and the midline . When the occlusion rims were articulated
    properly, the MMR Was registered with bite registration material.
    4 - Record of the maxillomandibular relation : Scanned for the digital design of teeth
    and gingival tissues . The scan of the MMR was made in two steps : first , the casts
    were mounted on an articulator (Artex , Amann Girrbach) and then the casts were
    scanned separately with an optical Scanner ( IScan d104i Imetric 3D Scanning
    Systems), and with a precalibrated device the MMR was transferred to a STL file.
    5 - Digital design of the teeth : Following the PDC workflow, tooth selection and
    arrangement can be accomplished by using the the adjusted occlusion rims for
    appropriate lip support and optimal aesthetics.
    6 - First prototype :The first prototype is then 3D printed (ProJet MP 3500, 3D
    Systems Inc) for the patient's trial setup. After making proper adjustments to the RP
    clinical setup, occlusal landmarks can be validated (fourth clinical data on
    appointment). Adjustments were necessary on the plane of occlusion and the MMR.
    Final adjustments can be made if necessary.
    7 - Bite record after the primary changes on the occlusion plane : After the clinician
    has verified the occlusal data and patient acceptance has been established .
    8 - Second prototype : the final prosthesis can be sent for milling and are ready be
    issued . The base of the denture is ready to be by milling (PMMA) information
    provided by the CAD software. Milling will provide individual sockets for each tooth.
    9 – Denture bases : The conventional denture teeth manufactured poly(methyl
    methacrylate) block with the (Heraeus were modified according to the individual
    clinical situation. For that purpose, they were mounted in a special device and had
    their basal surfaces milled according to prior computation. The teeth were bonded in
    the milled sockets of the denture base by mechanic retention done in the milling of
    the denture tooth (each tooth was milled according to its respective socket on the
    denture base with additional physical retention), and also chemical bonding was
    obtained by acrylic and monomer activation. Denture base was stained with Heraeus
    Kulzer Pala cre-active Stains. The complete denture was polished and delivered .
    10 – Clinical photos of the final denture : No adjustments were made in the delivery
    of the denture, nor was any follow- up necessary, demonstrating the accuracy of the
    technique (the final denture was a precise replica of the trial, which was approved by
    the clinician and the patient).

    References:
    M.Bilgin , E.Baytaroglu , A.Erdem , E.Dilber
    A review of computer-aided design /computer-aided manufacture techhniques for
    removable denture fabrication European Journal of Dentistry.
    2016
    Pp: 286 -291

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